Originally known as the "Department of Science Technology and Environment", the department was created on 22nd November, 1982. After transferring the activities related to "Environment" to the Forest Department during the financial year 2003-2004, the Science Technology & Environment Department was renamed as Science & Technology Department.

On 3rd September, 2021 existing Science & Technology Department was renamed as Science Technology and Climate Change Department.

On 2nd April, 2025 with a view to have a common nodal agency for more effective and coordinated efforts to combat climate change related challenges in the state, the  “Science, Technology and Climate Change Department” was renamed as “Science and Technology Department”.